![]() Let me draw that other oneĪ little bit straighter. ![]() Has a p orbital that is parallel to this p orbital, I want to draw it a little bitīigger than that, and you'll see why a second. Let me draw them a littleīit closer together. Nucleus and I'll just draw their p orbitals. Two atoms, and I'll just draw one of each of their Kind of in the direction that they're pointing? And the other type of bond youĬould have, you can imagine if you have two p orbitals. Kind of bond could there be where my two orbitals overlap So this right here- let me make this clear. There be any other type of bond than that? Well, the other type of bond, There's an overlap kind of in the direction in which the That's the small lobe,Īnd then that's the big lobe like that. Hybridized orbital, and that's on this atom and this is kind of Me draw two nucleuses and let me just draw one He explains everything much better than I did and answers all of your questions. Good luck and try watching Sal's videos again. Basically, Carbon's orbitals change shape to keep itself "happy." These orbitals form because it allows carbon to bond easier with less repulsion between electrons in each of the orbitals and it allows carbon to fulfill its electron/bonding requirements. You can find sp bonding when carbon has TWO DOUBLE bonds or ONE TRIPLE bond. You can find sp2 bonding when carbon has a ONE double bond. For a carbon with 1 double bond and 2 single bonds, the orbitals will become 33% "s" and 66.7% "p" making it "sp2." If there is a triple bond and a single bond, the orbitals will adjust again to become 50% "s" and 50% "p." So to summarize - You can find sp3 bonding when a carbon has 4 single bonds. If there is a double bond, the shape of the orbitals will change again to allow for less repulsion and more overlap. If there are 4 single bonds on a carbon, this means it is sp3 no matter what it is bonded to. They will become "sp3," meaning there is 25% "s" character and 75% "p" character allowing for the "s" orbital of the Hydrogens to overlap with these newly shaped orbitals. When Carbon bonds to something like Hydrogen, the shape of the "p" orbitals will change to a different shape to allow for less repulsion between electrons. ![]() ![]() If you watch the video before this one, Sal shows the shape of the "s" and "p" orbitals before and after bonding. Hey buddy, the main difference between each of these (sp, sp2, and sp3) is the shape of the orbitals and how they overlap. ![]()
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